Colombian emeralds, with their deep green color, are renowned for quality and vibrancy. Colombia remains the top emerald supplier, with Muzo and Coscuez mines producing the finest stones.
Zambian emeralds, discovered in the 1920s, feature a bluish-green hue due to higher iron content. Zambia is the second-largest emerald producer globally, with the Kagem mine housing the world's largest uncut emerald.
Brazilian emeralds, though less vibrant, are notable for their size and range of green hues. Major mines in Bahia and Minas Gerais yield large gems, but only a fraction are of gem quality.
Cat's eye emeralds are extremely rare, displaying a subtle band of light across the gem. This optical effect, caused by inclusions, is most commonly seen in chrysoberyl but is highly coveted in emeralds.
Untreated emeralds are very rare and command higher prices. They lack the cedar oil treatment that enhances clarity and durability in most emeralds, making them a premium choice.
Lab-grown emeralds match natural ones in chemical composition but are often clearer and more vibrant. They offer an affordable alternative to natural emeralds with controlled quality.
Some gemstones are mistakenly called emeralds but aren't true emeralds. For instance, yellow heliodor is a type of beryl but not a true emerald.